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Cardiff's town walls were a Medieval defensive wall enclosing much of the present day centre of Cardiff, the capital city of Wales, which included Cardiff Castle. It measured 1280 paces or in circumference and had an average thickness of between and and a height of . It had five town gates and was first mentioned in the year 1111. Sections of the wall collapsed in the 18th century due to neglect, and many stones were then used as building material for other buildings in the town. The last large section of the wall was demolished in 1901. Now there are only two sections of the Medieval wall that still remain. One section of the wall supports a flower bed to the east of Cardiff Castle on Kingsway, and the second, larger section forms the rear of a shop on Queen Street in an unmarked alleyway immediately on the other side of Kingsway, between the Northgate Building and One Kingsway. ==History of the wall== The wall was constructed by Robert Fitzhamon the Lord of Glamorgan, and was first mentioned in 1111 by Caradoc of Llancarfan in his book ''Brut y Tywysogion'' ((英語:Chronicle of the Princes)). By 1184, Maurice de Berkeley had built wooden palisades with South, North, East and West Gates. Gilbert de Clare later strengthened the defenses of Cardiff Castle and the wooden palisades were replaced by stone walls.〔 The town walls measured 1280 paces or in circumference, with an average thickness of between and and a height of . In 1404, forces of Owain Glyndŵr, the last native Prince of Wales, destroyed much of the wall by the West Gate. It may have been that the town was completely burnt down except for the Grey Friary outside the East Gate.〔 In 1451, a charter granted by Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, mentioned that Cardiff had been re-fortified, with new walls, towers, gates and ditches. A century later John Leland, in his Itinerary of 1536-39, described Cardiff as having a wall with five gates.〔 During the 16th century travelling writers described Cardiff’s town wall as being intact, and it began to deteriorate around 1550 to 1560. In 1607 and 1703 Cardiff flooded, caused by a high tide and heavy rain, which would have caused damage to the west wall. From the 18th century, the deterioration of the town wall progressed rapidly. It collapsed in sections due to neglect, and stones were then used as building material for other structures. It had become common practice for sections of the wall to be leased to burgesses (freemen of the town), which increased the rate of decline of the wall still further. Some of the wall was used to support the Glamorganshire Canal embankment. In 1890, one of the last surviving sections of the wall was photographed ''(image right)'' at the rear of an old infant school in The Hayes.〔 In 1901, this section was demolished to make way for the Cardiff fish market, which is now 9-11 The Hayes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher= www.cardiffians.co.uk )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher= BBC )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cardiff town walls」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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